Module 3: Statistical Thermodynamics#
Outline for module 3
M3.D1 The Boltzmann factor and partition functions
The Boltzmann factor: the probability of an energy level
Partition functions: The overall number of states available and it allows us to calculate the normalized probability
Boltzmann distribution: the function of probabilities give us how energy is distributed.
The Boltzmann game
Density of states
How degeneracy affects Boltzmann distributions
M3.D2. Partition functions of atoms
How to calculate a macroscopic property
The partition function of an atom: translational and electronic contributions
Calculations involving atoms: Temperature dependence of partition function
The internal energy of an atomic ideal gas
M3.D3. Thermodynamic properties of molecular ideal gases
Vibrational partition function of a molecule using the harmonic oscillator
Vibrational contribution to the internal energy of a molecular ideal gas
Rotational partition function using the rigid rotor
Rotational contribution to the internal energy of a molecular ideal gas
Total internal energy of a diatomic ideal gas
Heat capacity of an ideal gas. Molecular contributions to heat capacity
Calculating macroscopic thermodynamic properties with PySCF
M3.D4. Thermodynamic potentials for spontaneity and other thermodynamic properties
Ensembles and variables and Thermodynamic potentials for the 2nd law
Calculating thermodynamic potentials using pyscf